by In the cold regions of northern China, concrete buildings are exposed to freeze-thaw environments for a long time, which poses a great threat to their safety and durability.
Therefore, improving the frost resistance of concrete has always been a focus of research for engineers in China.
Cement is one of the most widely used and indispensable building materials in the field of civil engineering.
The cement produced and consumed in China accounts for 55% of the global total.
Therefore, developing low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and efficient mineral admixtures is considered an effective way to alleviate energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.
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