by Concrete is a general term for engineering composite materials, in which aggregate materials are bonded together through adhesive materials to form a cohesive whole.
Concrete, as one of the main materials in contemporary civil engineering, has the characteristics of simple production process, low cost, and abundant raw materials.
In addition, concrete also has high compressive strength, excellent durability, and a wide range of strength grades.
Its applications are very diverse, not only in the field of civil engineering, but also in important industries such as mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, geothermal engineering, etc.
Under the influence of load, concrete may undergo deformation or fracture, posing a safety hazard.
Therefore, studying the failure evolution process of concrete has important engineering and theoretical value.
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